MCD diet mice were consistent with NASH patients. Liver tissues had more serious steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, and lobular inflammatory infiltration, and the expression of SPP1 and CXCL9 in liver cells was significantly upregulated in NASH patients compared to healthy controls. Serum ALT and AST levels were significantly increased in NASH patients compared to healthy controls. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the toll-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly enriched in NASH patients. “Lipid metabolism,” “inflammatory response,” and “lymphocyte activation” were the most significant biological functions in GSE48452, GSE58979, and GSE151158, respectively. SPP1 and CXCL9 were the hub genes detected in the three datasets.
Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 8 weeks, after which serum ALT and AST levels were measured and liver tissues were stained. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression levels of the two genes in liver tissues. Liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured in NASH patients and healthy controls. Serum and liver tissues from NASH patients and healthy controls were collected. In all DEGs, only two genes were highly expressed in NASH patients throughout the three datasets these two genes, SPP1 and CXCL9, were further studied. Functional enrichment analyses were then performed to explore the potential functions and pathways of the DEGs. We used GEO2R to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NASH patients and healthy controls. Three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE48452, GSE58979, and GSE151158) of NASH patients and healthy controls were included in the study. The hub genes were confirmed in human and animal models. The purpose of this study was to identify the hub genes and pathways involved in NASH using bioinformatics methods. The pathogenesis of NASH has not yet been fully elucidated. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major chronic liver disease worldwide, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of its pathological subtypes.
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